Nitrogen fixation, any natural or industrial process that causes free nitrogen (N2), which is a relatively inert gas plentiful in air, to combine chemically with other elements to form more-reactive nitrogen compounds such as ammonia, nitrates, or nitrites.
During the first decade of the 20th century, intensive research efforts culminated in the development of several commercial nitrogen-fixation processes. The three most-productive approaches were the direct combination of nitrogen withoxygen, the reaction of nitrogen with calcium carbide, and the direct combination of nitrogen with hydrogen.
http://www.britannica.com/science/nitrogen-fixation - Raecelynn Besa
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